Let s q (n) denote the sum of the digits in the g-ary expansion of an integer n. In 1978, Stolarsky showed that $\mathop {lim inf}\limits_{n \to \infty } {{s_2 (n^2 )} \over {s_2 (n)}} = 0$ . He ...
Chebyshev polynomials, a central class of orthogonal polynomials, have long been pivotal in numerical analysis, approximation theory and the solution of differential equations. Their inherent ...