In the English as in most but not all languages (i.e. Chinese) number can be extracted from the noun leaving a lexical-propositional form of the noun. From book and books we get object predicate: 1.

The theory of grammar adopted here is that grammar is based on a logical form based on proposition structure. A proposition is that part of a sentence less its modal modifiers--roughly, the node S. A ...

The subject (the dog) and predicate(ran) makes it a complete sentence. The cute, brown dog ran. The phrase cute, brown dog plays the role of a noun in the sentence and it is a noun phrase. The cute ...