A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers: the primary ...

Animal and plant cells have different energy-producing structures inside them. For animals, that’s mitochondria, which convert chemical energy from food into a form that our cells can use. Plants and ...

Human chromosomes behave in much the same way as those of rodents, primates, and other close evolutionary cousins. But researchers don’t know whether those similarities might extend to distantly ...

Researchers have discovered that plants have independently evolved a family of immune proteins that are strikingly similar to animals. Although profoundly different in terms of physiology, habitat and ...