These models can be used either offline to provide the optimal process cycle, or online to provide optimal, real-time process control [3]. This is the target of the iREMO project (www.iremo.eu), an EC ...

Currently, bioprocess monitoring and control systems rely on infrequent and time-consuming offline sampling methods. This can lead to loopholes in data and major gaps in knowledge, as well as ...

The semiconductor manufacturing process involves many steps, including, but not limited to, film deposition, photolithography, etching, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Contamination can ...

On-line monitoring techniques have been under development over the past decades for a variety of applications in process and power industries. In the nuclear power industry, on-line monitoring ...