Low power design has become a cornerstone of modern integrated circuit development, driven by energy efficiency demands and the challenges of scaling in nanometre technologies. Innovations in ...

More undocumented applications for the 555 ‘oscillator:’ Not all applications oscillate as we will see. Most are knowledgeable about common CMOS logic inverters and Schmitt triggers such as the 74HC04 ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

In electronic design, a level translator enables communication between devices whose I/O voltages don’t match. Years ago, the I/O voltages usually matched, because most processor and logic devices ...

In previous columns we’ve looked at TTL and CMOS logic devices in isolation. Things start to become interesting if we wish to use TTL and CMOS components in the same circuit. In previous columns we’ve ...